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In the context of the current era when different civilizations are learning from each other， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） needs to continuously draw the essence from modern scientific and technological civilization for creative inheritance and innovative development. It is essential to master the classic texts of TCM to solidify its theoretical foundation， while also read extensively to broaden the academic horizons. TCM's inheritance and innovation should be integrated with the current era's context and social reality， and delve into the essence of TCM's academic experience and clinical practice. Emphasis should be placed on the inheritance of original TCM thinking， and return to the original image creation and transformation. Using image thinking as the main approach， and combined it with modern complex systems science and front-edge methodologies， we could elaborate the TCM theories such as correspondence between nature and human， five circuits and six qi， constitution and endowment， and harmony of body and spirit. The training of academic talents must be at the forefront， closely follow the new trends of the development of contemporary scientific and technological civilization， identify the “pain points” of discipline development， focus on the key areas for improvement， and seek the highlights of academic research. There should be a courage to question and propose new insights， construct new concepts， establish new theories， transform the weakness in original theoretical innovation， and enrich the evolving connotation of TCM.
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2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV) outbreak is one of the public health emergency of international concern.Since the 2019-nCoV outbreak, China has been adopting strict prevention and control measures, and has achieved remarkable results in the initial stage of prevention and control.However, some imported cases and sporadic regional cases have been found, and even short-term regional epidemics have occurred, indicating that the preventing and control against the epidemic remains grim.With the change of the incidence proportion and the number of cases in children under 18 years old, some new special symptoms and complications have appeared in children patients.In addition, with the occurrence of virus mutation, it has not only attracted attention from all parties, but also proposed a new topic for the prevention and treatment of 2019-nCoV infection in children of China.Based on the second edition, the present consensus further summarizes the clinical characteristics and experience of children′s cases, and puts forward recommendations on the diagnostic criteria, laboratory examination, treatment, prevention and control of children′s cases for providing reference for further guidance of treatment of 2019-nCoV infection in children.
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Based on the subtle discussion of changing rules and its principles of Six Qi movement recorded by one chapter named Liu Wei Zhi Da Lun in the Huang Di Nei Jing Su Wen about rules of Heaven divided by Six, Six Qi and year evolutive phase, Six Qi dominating the time, and guest climatic Qi adding to fixed host Qi, etc, this article explained the changes of influence of Heaven space-time on the human body from the angle of image thinking, focused on the key point of humanity conforming to the nature of the core of Chinese philosophy, and appealed readers to come back to the original thinking of China-image thinking.
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Objective To investigate the protective effect of fibrauretin injection against acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice.Methods Seventy-two healthy male adult Kunming mice were randomly divided into 6 goups:normal control group,LPS group (intratracheal instilation of 5 mg/kg of LPS),hydrocortisone group (intraperitoneal injection of 3.3 mg/kg of hydrocortisone,once daily for 3 days,and intratracheal instilation of 5 mg/kg of LPS on the 4th day) and low dose,medium dose and high dose of fibrauretin groups (intraperitoneal injection of 2,10 and 50 mg/kg of fibrauretin,respectively,once daily for 3 days,and intratracheal instilation of 5 mg/kg of LPS on the 4th day).The mice in each group were sacrificed by dislocation 24 h after intratracheal instilation of LPS.The lung tissues of partial mice in each group were extracted and weighed to calculate the lung coefficients,and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed in partial mice in each group to collect the BALF for counting the inflammatory cells.Results The lung cofficients of mice in LPS group were significantly higher than those in the normal control group (P＜0.05).The lung cofficients of mice in hydrocortisone group,low dose,medium dose and high dose of fibrauretin groups were significantly lower than those in LPS group (P ＜ 0.05).For the percentage of inflammatory cells in BALF and the percentage of neutrophils in inflammatory cells,LPS group was significantly higher than the normal control group (P＜0.01),and compared with LPS group,hydrocortisone group,low dose,medium dose and high dose of fibrauretin groups were significantly decreased (P＜0.01).Conclusion Fibrauretin injection can significantly ameliorate the inflammatory reaction degree in mice with acute lung injury induced by LPS.
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Aim Tongluoxingnao effervescent tablets ( TLXNET) ,based on the ancient formula of QiongGui Tang, can improve cognitive dysfunction in different AD models. This research is aimed to study the effects of TLXNET on the Aβmetabolism and explore the anti-AD mechanism in SH-SY5 Y-APP and SH-SY5 Y-C99 cells. Methods Cells were incubated for 48h in dif-ferent concentrations of medicated serum ( containing 0% ~40% of TLXNET in the serum ) . Firstly, the non-toxic concentration was measured by MTT assay, the activity of cells was detected by LDH methods, and ELISA was used to measure the levels of Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 . Then, the gene and protein expressions of APP were detected via RT-PCR and Western blot of which the expressions of shearing fragments such as sAPPα and sAPPβ were investigated by Western blot, the same as the expressions of IDE and NEP. Addi-tionally, the level of mRNA, protein and activity of BACE1 were measured by qRT-PCR, Western blot and fluorescence detection kits respectively. Eventually, MTT assay was performed to detect the cell viability after the SH - SY 5 Y cells were treated with various concentrations of medicated serum and Aβ25-35 for 48h. Results There was no significant toxicity of TLXNET medicated serum in SH-SY5 Y-APP and SH-SY5 Y-C99 cells ( P >0 . 05 ) . TLXNET could signifi-cantly inhibit Aβ secretion in SH-SY5 Y-APP cells ( P0. 05). Additionally, TLXNET could still notably inhibit the expression of sAPPβ pro-tein in a dose-dependent way, with statistical signifi-cance ( P <0. 05 ) . Meanwhile, the level of mRNA, protein and activity of BACE1 were also significantly decreased by TLXNET (P <0. 01). Moreover, the medicated serum of TLXNET had a protective effect on SH-SY5 Y apoptosis induced by Aβ25-35 ( P <0 . 01 ) . Conclusion TLXNET could obviously inhibit β-secretase enzyme, and has an antagonistic effect a-gainst Aβneurotoxicity, which suggests that the inhibi-tion of β-secretase enzyme and antagonism against Aβneurotoxicity are the main anti-AD mechanism of TLX-NET .
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Objective To analyze the research directions and research status of main academic teams of TCM treatment for ulcerative colitis in the recent 15 years.Methods Articles about TCM treatment for ulcerative colitis from Jan. 2000 to Dec. 2015 in CNKI were searched. Articles were screened by inclusion and exclusion criteria, and then publication time and research institutes were under metrology analysis. According to Price Law and comprehensive indexes, core authors were indentified. The NetDraw2.118 social network was applied to establish author co-occurrence matrix, build core author relationship network and screen academic teams. Combined with typical articles, main research fields and research status of main academic teams were analyzed.Results3658 were included from 6365 articles. 33 core authors in the filed of TCM treatment for ulcerative colitis were identified, belonging to 5 academic teams with relatively higher academic influence: Wu Huangan team, Shenhong team, Wang Hongxia team, Liu Yihua team and Zhang Yansheng team. Each team proposed unique diagnosis and treatment methods.Conclusion Academic teams of TCM treatment for ulcerative colitis have inherited and promoted TCM theories and formed unique academic system in clinical practice and research.
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Objective To explore characteristics of the elements of syndrome, the disease position and the relationship between chemical indicators and TCM syndromes of type 2 diabetic encephalopathy. Methods 2 501 cases of type 2 diabetes clinical data were collected from Guang'anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Dongfang Hospital, etc. in nearly 3 years, among which, 342 cases were type 2 diabetic encephalopathy. The original clinical data were double entried in epidata by two people, establishment forms in excel, factor analysis and Bayesian networks were used as data mining research methods. Results 20 elements which characteristic root more than 1 were derived by factor analysis, 68.4% were covered. Of all 20 elements, five factors belong to Yin, five factors belong to blood stasis; lassitude, shortness of breath, stool frequency were appeared when fasting glucose abnormalities; lassitude, hemiplegia were appeared when 2-hour postprandial blood glucose abnormalities;lassitude, feverish palms and soles, stool frequency, more nocturnal enuresis when glycated hemoglobin abnormalities by Bayesian networks. Conclusion The Elements of the syndrome of type 2 diabetes encephalopathy were deficiency of Yin and blood stasis; and the main positions for diabetic patients were liver, spleen and kidney. Patients with impaired fasting glucose were Qi deficiency; Patients with impaired 2-hour postprandial glucose were Qi deficiency or pathogenic wind attacking collaterals; Patients with abnormal hemoglobin were Qi deficiency and Yin deficiency.
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Drug risk assessment and management is an important measure for reducing the adverse drug reaction and enhancing medication safety of the patient. Based on the concepts of drug risk assessment and risk management, and domestic and international drug risk management situation, this paper discusses the risk management of post-marketing Chinese medicine.
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Humans , Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Product Surveillance, Postmarketing , Methods , Risk Assessment , Methods , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second common subtype of dementia after Alzheimer's disease. However, there is still a lack of medication that demonstrates clinically relevant symptomatic improvement. Static blood obstructing the brain is the main Chinese medicine syndrome of VaD.
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For the purpose of stabilizing and enhancing the clinical effect, the author suggested that it should develop the key technology of integrated innovation research such as origin producing area processing technology, medicinal parts and energy-saving rapid drying technology, process control technology, quality evaluation key technology, packaging and bar code identification technology to establish the quality assurance system of processed Chinese medicine, which is the key to ensure the clinical effect of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Humans , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Reference Standards , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Reference Standards , Quality Control , Technology, PharmaceuticalABSTRACT
Objective:To analyze the mistakes in the application of tuina therapy in the rehabilitation of stroke,in order to elevate the clinical effects in the treatment of stroke by tuina.Methods:The issues are found out by searching and analyzing the relevant articles on tuina treatment of stroke.Results:In the tuina treatment of stroke,mistakes exist in the intervening time of the treatment,in the emphasis of tuina with negligence of rehabilitation,in the assessment of therapeutic effects,in the selection of the manual techniques and acupoints,and in the negligence of health education.Conclusion:In the tuina treatment of stroke,it is advisable to start treatment in the early stages,use the manual techniques in different phases,to cooperate with rehabilitation at the proper time and to emphasize health education,in order to avoid or reduce the occurrence of misuse syndrome,and eliminate the appearance of disuse syndrome,for displaying the unique advantage of tuina therapy fully and promoting the innovation and development of TCM rehabilitative techniques.
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Comparative effectiveness research (CER) has gained more and more popularity, which brought great response in the USA and other developed Western countries. There is no doubt that CER is a new idea and a milestone in health care research. CER is also known as "patient-centered outcomes research", which means patient is the core element in the whole system of CER. Chinese medicine could make new achievements and further development by introducing CER into clinical research. This article mainly introduced the background, features and contents of CER and summarized how to conduct CER in Chinese medicine by referring to some published literature in order to enlighten Chinese medicine researchers.
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This paper describes the digital earth technology and its core technology-"3S" integration technology. The advance and promotion of the "3S" technology provide more favorable means and technical support for Chinese medicine resources survey, evaluation and appropriate zoning. Grid is a mature and popular technology that can connect all kinds of information resources. The author sums up the application of digital earth technology in the research of traditional Chinese medicine resources in recent years, and proposes the new method and technical route of investigation in traditional Chinese medicine resources, traditional Chinese medicine zoning and suitability assessment by combining the digital earth technology and grid.
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Conservation of Natural Resources , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Methods , Research , Satellite Communications , TechnologyABSTRACT
Objective: To observe the different effects between Mahuang (Herba Ephedra Sinicae) and Wuweizi (Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis) on the pathological changes of rats with bleomycin A(5)-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Methods: Ninety Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, hydrocortisone group, Herba Ephedra Sinicae group, Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis group and Herba Ephedra Sinicae plus Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis group. There were 16 rats in each group except the sham operation group (10 rats). Pulmonary fibrosis was induced by a single intratracheal injection of bleomycin A5. Hematoxylin and eosin straining and immunohistochecical method were used after 7- and 28-day treatment to observe the pathology of lung injury, measure the inner diameter of pulmonary arterioles and the density of nuclear membrane. Results: Compared with the sham operation group at 7 and 28 d, alveolar inflammation level was significantly increased in the model group (P<0.01). Alveolar inflammation level was decreased obviously in the hydrocortisone group (P<0.05) after 7- and 28-day treatment as compared with the model group, and that in Herba Ephedra Sinicae plus Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis group was also decreased obviously (P<0.05) at 28 d. Compared with the sham operation group, nuclear density of the model group was increased, while its inner diameter was decreased (P<0.05). In the Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis group, Herba Ephedra Sinicae plus Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis group and hydrocortisone group, the nuclear density was decreased (P<0.05) as compared with the model group. Inner diameter in the Herba Ephedra Sinicae group, Herba Ephedra Sinicae plus Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis group and hydrocortisone group was higher than that in the model group (P<0.05). Microvessel density of the model group was obviously higher than that of the sham operation group (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, Herba Ephedra Sinicae plus Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis group and hydrocortisone group had lower microvessel density (P<0.05). Conclusion: Herba Ephedra Sinicae combined with Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis can restrain pulmonary artery injury. The nuclear density and microvessel density can be reduced by Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis, while Herba Ephedra Sinicae can increase the inner diameter.
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Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) standardization serves as an important foundation of TCM modernization and internationalization, and TCM standardization strategy is the core of the subject. Recently, some developed countries and developing countries with a better economic basis have set development strategy for TCM standardization. China is at the beginning on TCM standardization strategy study. This paper explored the methods for setting TCM standardization development strategy. Firstly, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of TCM were analyzed based on SWOT method to set development tactics. On the above basis, the authors defined the total goal and stage goal under the guidance of the relevant laws and regulations. To achieve the strategic goal, priority areas were formed by literature analysis and expert inquiry method, and the safeguard measures were formulated by expert symposium. Secondly, the draft for development strategy of TCM standardization was made based on the above content. Finally, the authors revised and formed the official development strategy of TCM standardization.
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As information on safety and effectiveness is not comprehensive, gained from the researches for listing approval of Chinese medicine, it is very necessary to conduct post-marketing clinical re-evaluation of Chinese medicine. Effectiveness, safety and economic evaluation are three main aspects of post-marketing clinical re-evaluation. In this paper, the difference and relations between the post-marketing clinical re-evaluation and the phase IV clinical trials were discussed, and the basic requests and suggestions were proposed, according to the domestic and foreign relevant regulations and experts' suggestions, and discussed the requirements of the phase IV clinical trials on indications, design methods, inclusion and exclusion criteria, sample size, etc.
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Humans , Clinical Trials, Phase IV as Topic , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Product Surveillance, Postmarketing , Research DesignABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To verify the efficacy and safety of post-marketed fleabane injection combined with Dengzhan Shengmai capsules in the treatment of ischemic stroke (IS).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>A multicentre, prospective, practical, randomized controlled study was carried out to compare the efficacy and safety of Dengzhan group (n = 343) and western medicine group (n = 335), appling "clinical study central stochastic system". The treatment of Dengzhan group is using fleabane injection in acute stage and Dengzhan Shengmai capsules in convalescence. The primary indexes of effect evaluation are the important outcome events in 360 days' follow-up, including mortality, recurrence, disability and quality of life to reflect the effect of clinical study. The indexes of safety evaluation involve laboratory examination results and incidence of adverse events.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>After 360 days' follow-up, 4 people died of IS in Dengzhan group, and the mortality rate of which is 1.17%, while 16 died in Western medicine group (WM group), and the mortality rate is 4.78%, suggesting that the mortality rate of Dengzhan group is significantly lower than WM group (P<0.05). Eleven cases recurred in Dengzhan group, and the recurrence rate of which is 3.21%, while 12 recurred in WM group, and the recurrence rate is 3.59%, indicating that the recurrence rate of Dengzhan group is slightly lower than WM group. The disability rate of Dengzhan group is 39.53%, among which the rate of severely disabled cases are 1.49%, while the disability rate of WM group is 40.13%, among which the rate of severely disabled cases are 3.13%, suggesting that the disability rate of Dengzhan group is lower and the severity of disability is also lighter than WM group. In the field of quality of life, the activity ability and the upper limb function store of stroke patients in Dengzhan group improved far much better than WM group (P<0.05). Analysis of safety suggested that, adverse events occurred in 11 cases in Dengzhan group, among which 4 cases is related with the drug treatment, the incidence of adverse events of which is 1.17%, and the main manifestations involve fever and chilling, rash, nausea, dizziness, palpitation, etc. which were all appeared after the treatment of fleabane injection, and disappeared 1 to 2 days after drug withdrawal. 13 cases occurred abnormal liver function and 2 cases abnormal kidney function in Dengzhan group. According to the judgment of clinical physicians, 3 case of ALT abnormality is possibly related to the treatment, the others are all unrelated with the treatment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Fleabane injection and Dengzhan Shengmai capsules are all safe and effective TCM in the treatment of ischemic stroke.</p>
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Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Brain Ischemia , Drug Therapy , Capsules , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Therapeutic Uses , Erigeron , Injections , Product Surveillance, Postmarketing , Prospective Studies , Stroke , Drug TherapyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect and safety of Kudiezi injection on patients with acute ischemic stroke.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Seven hundreds patients were divided into two groups by central randomization system. The study group, 346 cases, was treated with kudiezi injection plus traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) synthesis rehabilitation project, and the control group, 354 cases, was treated with synthetic rehabilitation project. The patients were treated for 10 to 21 days. Before treatment and at the 7th, 14th and 21th day of treatment, the indexes include NIHSS used for evaluating the neurological deficit degree and the motor function score (Fugl-Meyer) for evaluating motor function were observed. The safety index is defined by adverse observation event and laboratory test. The incidence of adverse events and laboratory tests results were observed before and after treatment at the same time.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Application of generalized estimating equation model, we found that as the treatment time, NIHSS score and FMI score of the two groups showed a trend of improvement. And at the 14th days and 21th days of treatment, compared to the control group the treatment group showed significant statistical difference on the impact of NIHSS and FMI (P<0.05). No serious adverse events were observed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Kudiezi injection plus TCM rehabilitation project of ischemic stroke showed some superiority to western medicine rehabilitation program on improving the neurological deficit and motor function. Kudiezi injection is safe and effective in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke.</p>
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Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Brain Ischemia , Drug Therapy , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Therapeutic Uses , Injections , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Product Surveillance, Postmarketing , Stroke , Drug TherapyABSTRACT
The Prescription for Pharmacoeconomic Analysis (PFPA) of New Zealand was firstly published in 1999. The original version was reviewed in 2004 and version 2, approved and published in 2007, is the living document. The main purpose for this guideline is to provide an overview of the methods PHARMAC (Pharmaceutical Management of Agency) uses when conducting cost-utility analysis. Compared with version 1, version 2 involved and discussed the most frequently mentioned issues in pharmacoeconomic guidelines around the world. This paper describes the distinguishes between version 1 and 2, the advantages of version 2 as well as the amendments that will be made in PHARMAC's future work, in order to provide meaningful advice for standardizing and documenting methods in China
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Humans , Costs and Cost Analysis , Economics, Pharmaceutical , New ZealandABSTRACT
In post-marketing study of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), pharmacoeconomic evaluation has an important applied significance. However, the economic literatures of TCM have been unable to fully and accurately reflect the unique overall outcomes of treatment with TCM. For the special nature of TCM itself, we recommend that Markov model could be introduced into post-marketing pharmacoeconomic evaluation of TCM, and also explore the feasibility of model application. Markov model can extrapolate the study time horizon, suit with effectiveness indicators of TCM, and provide measurable comprehensive outcome. In addition, Markov model can promote the development of TCM quality of life scale and the methodology of post-marketing pharmacoeconomic evaluation.